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Professional Knowledge Center
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Business Leader Attribute  Quiz
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This 12-item interactive quiz is based on the GLOBE project, a worldwide study of "Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness."  For an overview, read our precis; use "BACK" to return.

In 62 societal cultures, the GLOBE researchers studied the leadership attributes that are associated with outstanding business leaders.  The study's respondents were more than 17,000 middle managers.

For each attribute, the middle managers responded using scale of 1.0 (lowest) to 7.0 (highest).

  • A score of 1.0 meant the attribute greatly inhibits outstanding leadership ("negative").
  • A score of 7.0 meant the attribute greatly contributes to outstanding leadership ("positive"). 

The researchers were interested in determining which attributes, if any, were scored similarly by middle managers around the world.  In other words, the researchers wanted to know which leadership attributes were "universally" -- i.e., pan-culturally -- viewed as negative or positive.  (The researchers set a very high standard for declaring an attribute to be “universally” positive or negative.)

The findings of this portion of the GLOBE research revealed that...

  • Attributes universally scored negative numbered 8.  An example is “irritable.”
  • Attributes universally scored positive numbered 22.  An example is “team builder.”
  • Attributes found to be culturally contingent numbered 35.  These are the attributes about which the middle managers disagreed.  An example is "procedural."
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BUSINESS LEADER ATTRIBUTE QUIZ
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Following are 12 attributes of business leaders.  Judge whether you believe that each was...
  • universally scored positively by middle managers worldwide, or...
  • universally scored negatively by middle managers worldwide, or...
  • "culturally contingent," meaning that middle managers around the world disagreed about it.
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A. Ambitious  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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B. Decisive  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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C. Class-conscious  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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D. Subdued  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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E. Asocial  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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F. Administratively skilled  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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G. Sensitive  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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H. Cunning  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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J. Honest  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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K. Micromanager  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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L. Intuitive  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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M. Provocateur  Do you believe this attribute of business leaders was...

  1.  universally scored "positive" click here

  2.  universally scored "negative" click here

  3.  scored differently around the world, thus "culturally contingent" click here
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This is not the best answer.

Please use "Back" to return to the question,
then select one of the other options.

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Correct!  The answer for Ambitious is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think ambition is valued in business leaders in some
cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question B.

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Correct!  The answer for Decisive is "positive."

Middle managers across 62 societies universally agreed that
decisiveness contributes to outstanding business leadership.

Continue on to Question C.

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Correct!  The answer for Class-conscious is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think class-consciousness is valued in business leaders in
some cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question D.

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Correct!  The answer for Subdued is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being subdued is valued in business leaders in some
cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question E.

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Correct!  The answer for Asocial is "negative."

Middle managers across 62 societies universally agreed that
being asocial inhibits outstanding business leadership.

Continue on to Question F.

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Correct!  The answer for Administratively skilled is "positive."

Middle managers across 62 societies universally agreed that being
administratively skilled contributes to outstanding business leadership.

Continue on to Question G.

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Correct!  The answer for Sensitive is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being sensitive is valued in business leaders in some
cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question H.

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Correct!  The answer for Cunning is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being cunning is valued in business leaders in some
cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question J.

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Correct!  The best answer for Honest is "positive."

Middle managers across 62 societies universally agreed that
being honest contributes to outstanding business leadership.

Continue on to Question K.

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Correct!  The answer for Micromanager is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being a  micromanager is valued in business leaders in
some cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question L.

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Correct!  The answer for Intuitive is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being intuitive is valued in business leaders in some
cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

Continue on to Question M.

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Correct!  The answer for Provocateur is "culturally contingent."

Why do you think being a provocateur is valued in business leaders in
some cultures, but perceived as inhibiting leadership in other cultures?

The overall findings of the GLOBE project support this proposition:

Leadership is in the “eye of the beholder.”  Leadership is a social label given to individuals if either (a) their personality, attributes, and behaviors sufficiently match the observer’s beliefs about leaders, or (b) the observer attributes group success or failure to the activities of perceived leaders.   Robert J House et al., 2004. p. 670
This ends the Business Leader Attribute Quiz.  To return to the GLOBE overview page,click here-
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